Microbial & Viral Diversity / Giant Viruses / Biothreat Detection

New Lineages of Life

Studying microbial and viral diversity through genomics, cultivation, and computational analysis.

DOE Joint Genome Institute / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ✦ Click to assemble icosahedral capsids Index

The New Lineages of Life (NeLLi) Group at the DOE Joint Genome Institute studies understudied microbes and viruses in environmental and host-associated systems. We combine sequencing, cultivation, and computational analysis to characterize genome diversity, microbial interactions, and applications in biosurveillance.

02Research Areas6 Areas
01
Giant Viruses

We study giant viruses recovered from environmental sequence data and laboratory systems to characterize their diversity, genome content, and evolutionary relationships.

02
Microbial Symbiosis

We investigate symbiotic associations to understand partner specificity, genome evolution, and metabolic exchange.

03
Microbial Census

We use metagenomics and single-cell genomics to recover genomes from uncultivated lineages and place them in phylogenetic context.

04
Biothreat Detection

We develop laboratory and computational workflows for rapid identification of pathogens and other agents of concern in environmental and clinical samples.

05
Extremophile Microbes

We study microorganisms from extreme environments to identify the cellular and genomic features associated with survival under heat, salinity, pressure, and other stressors.

06
Biological Data & AI

We develop computational methods that use machine learning to support classification, annotation, and comparative analysis of biological sequence data.

03Software12 Open Tools
  1. 01GVClassClassifies giant-virus contigs and metagenome-assembled genomes and reports completeness and contamination estimates. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  2. 02SymclatronPredicts symbiotic potential across the symbiosis continuum from genome-derived features. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  3. 03SGTreeBuilds phylogenetic trees from built-in or custom HMM marker sets and selects markers by gene-tree to species-tree reconciliation. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  4. 04NNGeneTreeBuilds gene trees from protein sequences and identifies nearest neighbors in evolutionary context. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  5. 05SSUEXTRACTExtracts SSU rRNA sequences from contigs with covariance models and annotates hits against SILVA and PR2. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  6. 06PDMClustClusters sequences or genomes from phylogenetic distance matrices, with optional taxonomy-aware consistency checks. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  7. 07ModuCompCalculates metabolic module completeness and metabolic complementarity across genomes and microbiomes. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  8. 08gvmagDBDuckDB and Parquet-backed database of giant-virus and microbial genomes with integrated search and a dashboard. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  9. 09NeLLi AI ScientistBenchmark-first harness for OpenAI-compatible research agents and local tool use. NeLLi-teamGitHub ↗
  10. 10Omics SkillsAgent and skill collection for bioinformatics, scientific writing, and data visualization. fmschulzGitHub ↗
  11. 11Scientific Illustrations SkillGenerates publication-ready scientific illustrations through a planner, stylist, visualizer, and critic workflow. fmschulzGitHub ↗
  12. 12memdLocal MCP memory server for searchable notes, task history, and review artifacts across agents. fmschulzGitHub ↗
04Recent Publications114 · 2015–2026
  1. 01Meta-virus resource (MetaVR): expanding the frontiers of viral diversity with 24 million uncultivated virus genomesFiamenghi MB, et al., incl. Schulz F Nucleic Acids Research2026 · DOI
  2. 02Global metagenomics reveals plastid diversity and unexplored algal lineagesShrestha B, et al., incl. Schulz F Nature Communications2026 · DOI
  3. 03Hunting for new lineages and mechanisms of lifeSzabó G, et al., incl. Schulz F Nature Microbiology2026 · DOI
  4. 04Predicting phage–host specificityAureli L, Schulz F Nature Reviews Microbiology2026 · DOI
All 114 publications
05NewsRecent
  1. 01Invited Talk at the JGI Data Carpentry CourseTalkMay 2026
  2. 02Invited Talk at the 2026 EMBO Workshop, TaipeiTalkApr 2026
  3. 03Invited Talk at the iVoM4 Seminar SeriesTalkFeb 2026
  4. 04Vicennial metagenomic time series unveils evolutionary dynamics of giant virusesPaperJun 2025
  5. 05A genomic catalog of Earth’s bacterial and archaeal symbiontsPaperMay 2025
  6. 06Global metagenomics reveals plastid diversity and unexplored algal lineagesPaperMar 2025
06EventsSymposia
  1. 01NeLLi Symposium 2025The 6th NeLLi Symposium covers the tree of life, cellular complexity, and microbial symbiosis, with invited talks and posters over two days.Las Vegas, NVNov 2025
  2. 02VEGA Symposium 2024Methods for recovering uncultivated viruses, characterizing their roles in natural ecosystems, and studying viral genetic diversity.Berkeley, CA2024
  3. 03NeLLi Symposium 2023The 5th NeLLi Symposium covered metagenomics, single-cell genomics, and microbial ecology, with methods for characterizing undescribed lineages.Berkeley, CAOct 2023